Assessing the Epidemiology of Dermatophytosis and Onychomycosis in the South of Ireland (2012-2024)

Abstract

Aim
To analyse the prevalence of dermatophyte species from 2012 to 2024 in Cork, Ireland; and to assess regional trends.

Methods
A retrospective laboratory database analysis was conducted at Bon Secours Hospital, Co. Cork. Following ethical approval in July 2023, all dermatological mycology samples referred from January 2012 to January 2024 were reviewed. Samples were analysed microscopically and macroscopically for fungal identification. All data was analysed using SPSS version 28.

Results
Of 2,270 samples, 723 (31.8%) were positive for fungal infection, with 623 (27.4%) identified as dermatophytes. Anthropophilic species predominated, representing 87% of dermatophyte cases (542 out of 623). Trichophyton rubrum showed a significant increase from 60 of 130 cases (46%) in 2012–2015 to 110 of 135 cases (81.5%) in 2020–2024 (p < 0.0001). Candida Species declined from 32 of 130 cases (25%) to 12 of 135 cases (9%) over the same period (p < 0.0001).

Discussion/Conclusion
Trichophyton rubrum is now the leading dermatophyte in Co. Cork. These trends align with global data and underscore the growing need for national fungal surveillance, treatment updates, and investigation into emerging antifungal resistance. Further regional comparisons and patient-level analyses are recommended.